Metabolic resistance to deltamethrin is mediated by P450 and esterases in common bed bugs <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

The infestations of Cimex lectularius L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) registered in the last decades have been influenced by several human activities, including international tourism and commerce. Moreover, development insecticide resistance careless pest control strategies contributed to dispersal bed bugs. Given complexity topic, distinguishing physiological molecular mechanisms involved can help design proper tools limit spread. Here we determined susceptibility deltamethrin imidacloprid bugs collected Italy. Also, assessed role esterases P450 monooxygenases direct enzymatic activity measurement inhibition synergism bioassays. Our results showed that field-collected colony exhibited high ratios (757 &gt;60,000 times, respectively) compared susceptible colony. resistant increased monooxygenases. synergistic effect piperonyl butoxide (PBO) suggests significant contribution both groups as detoxification pathways implicated pyrethroid-resistant Further investigations are needed unravel biochemical basis phenotype for developing novel control.